In general, the Anglo-Saxon has always been criticized in France. We may take for example the many debates that have prospered in the 18th century. Joseph Fievee in "Letters on England and Reflections on the philosophy of the 18th century" denounces "the words peace and commerce" and is contrary to the praise that the peace and represent the glory for France.

At that time already, the debate rages between proponents of life model Anglo-Saxon represented by Montesquieu and who speaks of "a nation in the world that the direct object of its constitution political liberty" and the critics of this model that could be symbolized by physiocrates Rousseau or for whom

Jeremy Jeninga University of London explains admirably in "Can we speak of Anglo-Saxon?" The philosophical debate of the 18th and 19th century between "the Anglophile" (Benjamin Constant, Montalembert, ...) and "anglophobes "(Eugène Buret, Ledru-Rollin ...). These reflections revolved around freedom and social justice, England is a rich country but characterized by a significant impoverishment of its population. 

Conversely, the France was for some thinkers, the unfinished model of a country that was moving towards equality in order to achieve "social justice on earth, justice brothers between citizens, between peoples. "(the decay of England, Ledru Rollin ...).

"This business model aristocratic" very well defined by Mr. Jeninga therefore was subject during several centuries of lively discussion and rejection of capitalism, "Anglo-Saxon" probably comes in the wake of these debates. However, it seemed interesting to remind the subjects of the past to try to better understand the criticism today.

We'll define in brief the various capitals that have developed (with all the simplifications and limitations that implies).

Several capitalism emerged during the twentieth century, with specific roles and patterns of growth rather different.

Capitalism "Rhinelander" revolves around the co-management company ( "Mitbestimmung") and a market economy under state control. A strong relationship existed between the firms and large banks in the form of cross-shareholdings and a long-term shareholders. As such, numerous financial institutions have interests in chemistry, industry and cars ... We could discuss the model of stakeholders (taking into account the interests of different stakeholders).

Capitalism "Japanese" was characterized by a system of "main bank" and large conglomerates with many activities. One of the banks funding the company had a role to monitor and ensure the stability thereof.

Le capitalisme anglo-saxon se définit par une structure actionnariale centrée sur les investisseurs institutionnels et privilégiant les profits à court terme. The levers of corporate debt are high and returns on equity. It speaks of a very "financialised" primarily organized around the shareholder (Shareholder) and taking into account unless the other partners. (customers, vendors, state employees ...).

These different forms of capitalism have survived until the end of the twentieth Century. The Japanese financial crisis of the early 90s has completely destabilized the country's economic system and questioned the model "Japanese". (The banks have accumulated assets "loans", the indices have plunged many companies have invested in the equity markets have failed ...). A deflationary spiral then won the country and seems to still not be fully completed.

In Germany, the abolition of taxes on divestitures in 2002, rising corporate debt and the massive increase in business bankruptcies in the mid 90s (to nearly 40% year Annual in 1994) also questioned capitalism "Rhenish".

Finally, as explained in admirably Patrick Artus "far capitalism develops Anglo-Saxon?" The globalization of economies, the development of equity markets, the role of hedge funds and private equity funds, the requirement for greater return on capital, the collapse of communism, the merger of New Yord Stock Exchange and Euronext have helped accelerate the spread of capitalism, "Anglo-Saxon".

Thus, the crisis of growth models Germany and Japan combined with a strong deregulation of savings launched by the "revolution tatchérienne in the United Kingdom," Reagan "in the United States and promoted by the International Monetary Fund (the notorious Washington Consensus cf Joseph Stiglitz) have accelerated the spread of Anglo Saxon capitalism throughout the world.

Before the homogenization of the economic system of capitalism around "Anglo-Saxon" and the emergence of the crisis we are living, we wonder about possible links between the two. The Anglo-Saxon capitalism is it the cause of economic crisis and symbolizes he winning?